Can FX trading learn from equities?
In January this year, Gain Capital appointed Joseph Wald executive vice president, head of institutional. He is responsible for leading GTX, an independent FX ECN and agency desk for hedge funds and institutions.
Wald has long experience in the equities market, where he served as CEO of agency-only execution broker and algorithmic trading provider, EdgeTrade, and subsequently as a managing director of Knight Capital’s client electronic trading business when the broker-dealer acquired Wald’s firm. To what extent does he see the same opportunities for automation in the FX space as he experienced in equities trading?
Compared to equities, attitudes to FX among the buy-side are far more diverse, he notes. “Approaches can range from seeing FX as a particular hedge, a complement to another strategy, to an investable asset class traded on a daily basis,” says Wald.
Converging strategies
Nevertheless, he points out, the market is not as segmented as it once was. “It used to be that a proprietary shop would look at FX as a trading vehicle, while a large asset manager would regard it almost as something that was in the way,” he says. “Today asset managers regard FX as a real part of their strategy. We have even seen new exchange-traded funds launched over the last quarter that have a hedge component related to the currency aspect of the portfolio.”
As far as electronic trading is concerned, Wald describes the evolution in FX as dramatic. “People don’t give the FX market enough credit for how it has evolved from an electronic standpoint. I wouldn’t say that FX is behind equities in that regard; the market structure is different so it lends itself to different approaches,” he says. One of the big structural differences Wald points to is the traditionally bilateral nature of FX trades. “You need to have credit between two parties in order to do a trade,” he says, “whereas with equities it didn’t matter who the other side was as long as everybody was a member of the same exchange, clearing or settlement utility.”
GTX combines FX and equity approaches by combining a central counterparty model with a tightly coupled credit and matching engine to create a multilateral environment where users can trade regardless of whether they have bilateral relationships or not. “This is reshaping how people interact with the market, how liquidity is being moved from buyer to seller and is also opening up the marketplace,” he comments.
It is early days for this model, but Wald believes that in the changing regulatory environment of Dodd-Frank and Basel lll, it will drive innovation in the sector. “That’s what excited me about coming to the FX space,” he says. “Having seen similar evolution in the equity markets with Reg NMS, when one looks at the fragmentation in the FX marketplace, you can see a lot of similarities in the way they are developing. FX will have its own flavour, but I see huge potential to translate quantitative measures of best execution into the FX space.”
Wald argues there is much that FX can import from the equity market in terms of measuring and analysing performance. “There’s no question that when it comes to pre-trade, real-time and post-trade analytics, the concepts are transferable,” says Wald. “As a different asset class with its own nuances and ways of trading, these measures will have to be built from the ground up for the FX space, but my experience from the equity world puts me in a position to deliver the appropriate tools and technologies.”
Market maturity
As for the world he’s left behind, Wald sees opportunities for improving execution in the equities market through electronic trading innovation as reaching maturity. “There are clearly people who know what they are doing and can deliver consistently good performance and others who don’t have that down, but the domain expertise among providers in the space as a whole is fairly similar at this point,” he observes.
This has all been hugely to the buy-side’s advantage. “They have extracted almost every inch of benefit that can be had and that’s great for the industry and great for their clients,” says Wald. “Their overall costs of doing business have gone down. I feel there’s tremendous opportunity for a similar evolution in the FX space where institutional clients and their customers will benefit.”
In terms of tools, Wald cautions against seeking the holy grail. For example, the desire for workflow efficiency on the buy-side dealing desks has led to a demand for technology platforms that combine the functionality offered by order and execution management systems. “The one-size-fits-all approach never really works. You’ve got to have the right balance between individualised, customised workflow and the ability to scale – something that can be more to many instead of everything to everyone.”